A.I to read texts in English: WHAT IS THE WIPALA?

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"The Wiphala is a symbol, not a flag, and it represents Pachamama (Mother Earth), the cosmos, animals, plants, stones, runas (humans), and life in harmony."
The Wiphala, with its deep symbolic meaning, encompasses a broad and harmonious vision of existence, integrating the natural and cosmic worlds, along with humanity's place within them.

The Wiphala is made up of 49 squares of equal size—thus its shape is square—and each color has a meaning. The amautas (wise elders) convey it as follows:

• Red: It represents the connection with the Pachamama (Mother Earth); it symbolizes the tangible, the Kay Pacha (the material world), and the Runas (Andean-Amazonian people), children of the Earth. It represents ancestral roots, identity, cultural development, and the Indigenous worldview, the knowledge of the Earth and Cosmos transmitted by the Apus (spirits of the mountains) and the Ancestors.
• Orange: It represents the oral memory of our culture, the quipus (knotted strings used to record information), textiles, yachay wasi (schools, houses of knowledge), the ayllus (communities), ancestral medicine, and the healing of the physical, psychological, and spiritual body.
• Yellow: It represents the Nunaq, the Ancestral Spirit that is in all things; the four virtues of the Andean person: Munay (unconditional love), Yachay (wisdom), Llank'ay (joyful and passionate work), and Kamay (creativity). It also represents the duality of energies, qhari (male) and warmi (female), complementary opposites, the balance that produces life.
• White: It represents evolution, intellectual development, science, and technology that accompany the processes of nature, and well-being (buen vivir). It is personal development that cannot be conceived without being also communal. It also represents craftsmanship and ayni (reciprocity).
• Green: It represents the allpamama (nature), the fruits of the earth, agricultural work, the self-sufficient communal economy, the abundance of food and minerals, and Yaku Mama (Mother Water).
• Blue: It represents the Hanan Pacha (cosmic world), the universe, entities of the Cosmos, sami energy (subtle) and jucha energy (dense), cosmic-telluric energies, the Chakana (Southern Cross constellation), and the fractal mathematical system.
• Violet: It represents the Ayllus, Markas, and Llajtas (communities, regions, and nations), the Inka as the expression of evolution and the political and communal power of Tawantinsuyu (the Inca Empire); it represents all community social organizations of development and governmental leadership.

• Conclusion:

  The Wiphala is a powerful symbol of identity, unity, and cultural pride among the Indigenous peoples of the Andes. It embodies values of communal living, respect for nature, and harmony between humans and the environment. The diagonal arrangement of its colors emphasizes balance and the interconnectedness of all aspects of life.

  Beyond its visual representation, the Wiphala has become a key symbol of indigenous resistance and pride. Widely adopted by indigenous movements, especially in Bolivia where it is recognized as one of the two national flags, the Wiphala stands for the deep-rooted traditions, struggles, and worldview of the Andean people. It reflects their ongoing fight for recognition and honors their connection to the land, history, and community.

VERBS + GERUND / TO INFINITIVE

 

ACT 1    ACT 2

An ESL Journey Through Art

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UNIT 7: CONDITIONALS /ONLINE BOOK PRACTICE

 

WRITING TASK: The Turn of the Screw by Henry James

The Turn of the Screw might feel a bit flat in an adapted version, especially since much of Henry James' brilliance comes from his complex language, psychological depth, and narrative subtleties. Here are a few aspects of the novel that should help us bring the novel’s strengths to life, even with the ESL adaptation:

Ambiguity and Mystery:

• The Turn of the Screw is famous for its ambiguity—is it a ghost story or a psychological study?  "Are the ghosts real, or is the governess imagining things?"

James’ Use of Unreliable Narration:

• Even in simpler adaptations, the narrator's reliability is an important feature. The governess’s perspective may not always be trustworthy. James leaves a lot unsaid, so readers need to infer and read between the lines,

Mood and Atmosphere:

• The gothic mood and eerie atmosphere: the setting of Bly, the isolated house, the strange behavior of the children, and the presence of the ghosts.

Character Motivation and Analysis:

• The governess’s motivations. Why does she behave the way she does? What are her fears? Let's take into consideration deeper themes such as control, obsession, and fear of the unknown.

THE WRITING...🖉

Here are some prompts you can choose from to write about The Turn of the Screw:

1. Character Analysis:

   • Choose one character from The Turn of the Screw (the governess, the children, Mrs. Grose, etc.). Describe the character's personality, actions, and role in the story. How do they contribute to the mystery of the novel?

2. Theme Exploration:

   • What is the role of fear and suspense in The Turn of the Screw? How does the author build tension throughout the story? Give examples from the book.

3. First-Person Narration:

   • The story is told from the governess's point of view. Do you think she is a reliable or unreliable narrator? Why or why not? Give reasons for your opinion.

4. Setting and Atmosphere:

   • Describe the setting of Bly and how it contributes to the overall mood of the story. How does the house itself become a character in the novel?

5. Supernatural Elements:

   • Do you believe that the ghosts in the story are real, or are they a creation of the governess's mind? Support your answer with evidence from the text.

6. Moral Dilemmas:

   • The governess faces difficult decisions throughout the novel. Do you agree with her actions and choices? What would you have done differently if you were in her position?

7. Open-Ended Question:

   • What do you think really happened at Bly? Was it a ghost story, or was it a psychological thriller about the governess's imagination? Explain your interpretation of the ending

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The turn of the screw